AIO ACADEMICO

  In English grammar, a "conditional" is a grammatical structure used to express a hypothetical situation or a relationship between two events, actions, or states that depend on each other. It indicates that something will happen or would have happened under certain conditions. There are several types of conditionals, each with its own specific structure and meaning. Here are the main types: Zero Conditional: This is used to express general truths or facts that always happen under certain conditions. Structure: If + present simple, present simple. Example: "If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils." First Conditional: This is used to talk about real or possible future events that might happen. Structure: If + present simple, will + base form. Example: "If it rains tomorrow, I will bring an umbrella." Second Conditional: This is used to express hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future. Structure: If + past simple, would + base ...

  Modal verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs in English that are used to express a range of attitudes, possibilities, permissions, obligations, and abilities. They play a crucial role in shaping the mood or attitude of a sentence. Modal verbs are distinct from regular verbs in that they don't follow the typical conjugation rules and don't add "-s" in the third-person singular form. MODAL VERBS  Can:  expresses ability, possibility, or permission. Example: "She can speak French fluently." Could:  This is the past tense of "can." It can refer to a past  ability, possibility, or permission. Example: "When I was younger, I could run faster." May: This indicates possibility, permission, or a request.  It's often used to express uncertainty or tentative permission. Example: "May I borrow your pen?" Might:  This is similar to "may" but tends to express a lower level of probability Example: "It might rain later....

  Reported speech  is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say. There are two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words: Barbara said,  “I didn’t realise it was midnight.” In indirect speech, the original speaker’s words are changed. Barbara said  she hadn’t realised it was midnight . In this example,  I  becomes  she  and the verb tense reflects the fact that time has passed since the words were spoken:  didn’t realise  becomes  hadn’t realised . Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact words: “I’m sorry,”  said Mark.  (direct) Mark  apologised .  (indirect: report of a speech act) In a similar way, we can report what people wrote or thought: ‘I will love you forever,’  he wrote, and then posted the note through Alice’s door...